Efectividad clínica y radiográfica de la pasta antibiótica CTZ en pulpotomías de molares primarios: ensayo clínico aleatorio controlado / Clinical and radiographic effectiveness of antibiotic paste CTZ in primary molars pulpotomy: ramdomized controlled clinical trial

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar clínica y radiográficamente la efectividad de la pasta antibiótica CTZ en pulpotomías de molares primarios. Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorio controlado, en 40 molares primarios de 40 preescolares con edades entre 3 y 6 años. Los pacientes fueron seleccionados y asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos: Formocresol (n=20), CTZ (Cloranfenicol-Tetraciclina-Oxido de Zinc Eugenol, n=20). Los dientes fueron restaurados con ionómero de vidrio y coronas metálicas de acero preformadas. La evaluación clínica y radiográfica fue realizada a los 3 y 6 meses. Se utilizó el programa SPSS v.17 para el análisis de los datos, y la aplicación del Test Exacto de Fisher al 5 %. El comportamiento clínico a los 3 meses mostró 75 % de éxito para los molares tratados con formocresol y 70 % para el CTZ. Radiográficamente se obtuvo 90 % de éxito para el grupo con formocresol y 100 % para la pasta CTZ. A los 6 meses el éxito clínico del formocresol fue de 85 % y del CTZ 80 %. El éxito radiográfico mostrado fue 65 % para los atendidos con formocresol y 80 % para el CTZ (p > 0,05). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de tratamiento. La pasta CTZ es una alternativa en el tratamiento de pulpotomías de molares temporales. Ofrece un efecto antimicrobiano, estabilización del proceso de reabsorción radicular, sin ocasionar daños a la formación del diente permanente.

The objective of this study to evaluate the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of antibiotic paste CTZ in pulpotomy of primary molars. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed, in 40 molars of 40 patients aged 3 to 6 years. Were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: Formocresol (n=20), CTZ (Chloramphenicol-Tetracycline-Zinc Oxide Eugenol, n=20). The teeth were restored with glass ionomer and performed steel metal crowns. Clinical and radiographic evaluation procedure was performed at 3 and 6 months. SPSS v.17 program for data analysis, and application of the Fisher exact test was used 5 %. The clinical behavior at 3 months showed 75 % success rate for molars treated with formocresol and 70 % for the CTZ. Radiographically 90 % success rate for the group with formocresol and 100 % for the CTZ paste was obtained. At 6 months formocresol clinical success was 85 % and 80 % CTZ. Radiographic success was shown 65 % for those treated with formocresol and 80 % for the CTZ (p>0.05). No significant differences in the results shown were observed. CTZ paste is an alternative in the treatment of pulpotomy of molars. It provides an antimicrobial effect, stabilizing the process of root resorption, without causing damage to the permanent tooth formation.

Resistance to B-lactam and tetracycline in Campylobacter spp isolated from broiler slaughterhouses in southern Brazil / Resistência a B-lactâmicos e tetraciclina em Campylobacter spp isolados de matadouros-frigoríficos de aves no sul do Brasil

The study was carried out to screen and analyze the genetic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from poultry sources. A total of 141 strains of Campylobacter isolated from samples of broilers of slaughterhouses in southern Brazil was identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Campylobacter isolates were evaluated for its antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes. The strains were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility against two agents (ampicillin and tetracycline) by disk diffusion method. PCR assay was used to confirm the specie and the presence of ampicillin (blaOXA-61), tetracycline tet(O), and the energy-dependent multi-drug efflux pump (cmeB) genes. Campylobacter jejuni was the most ubiquitous; its presence was determined in 140 samples out of 141 (99.3%), whereas Campylobacter coli was found only in one of the contaminated samples (0.70%). The results obtained showed 65% and 35.5% of Campylobacter isolates resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines, respectively. The cmeB gene responsible for multidrug resistance was detected in 26 isolates out 141 strains (18.5%). Moreover, 36 out of 141 Campylobacter strains (25.6%) were found to be resistant to at least two different antimicrobia resistance markers (β-lactams and tetracyclines)...

O presente estudo foi realizado para examinar e analisar as características genéticas de resistência antimicrobiana de Campylobacter spp. a partir de fontes avícolas. Um total de 141 amostras de Campylobacter isolados em matadouros-frigoríficos de aves do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, foi identificado por métodos fenotípicos e genotípicos. Foi analisada a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a presença de genes de resistência. As cepas foram testadas para detectar sensibilidade frente a dois antimicrobianos (ampicilina e tetraciclina) pelo método de difusão em disco. A seguir, usando a reação em cadeia da polimerase foi confirmada a espécie e a presença dos genes de resistência à ampicilina (blaOXA-61) e tetraciclina tet(O), assim como a detecção da bomba de efluxo (cmeB). Campylobacter jejuni foi a espécie mais isolada, sua presença foi determinada em 140 amostras (99,3%), e Campylobacter coli foi encontrada em uma única amostra (0,70%). Os resultados obtidos mostraram 65% e 35,5% de Campylobacter isolados resistentes a β-lactâmicos e tetraciclinas, respectivamente. O gene cmeB responsável pela resistência a múltiplos antimicrobianos foi detectado em 26 amostras (18,5%). Neste contexto, 36 das 141 amostras (25,6%) foram consideradas resistentes a dois grupos diferentes de antimicrobianos (β-lactâmicos e tetraciclinas)...

Efficacy of 7-Day and 14-Day Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy and 7-Day and 14-Day Moxifloxacin-Based Triple Therapy as Second-Line Eradication for Helicobacter pylori Infection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bismuth-containing quadruple and moxifloxacin-based triple regimens are recommended as second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of each regimen. METHODS: From August 2004 to October 2012, a total of 949 patients (mean age, 54.32+/-12.08 years; male, 49.4%) who failed H. pylori eradication with a standard triple regimen were included. Patients treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple regimen for 7 and 14 days were designated as 7-BMT and 14-BMT, respectively, and those treated with a moxifloxacin-based triple regimen for 7 and 14 days were designated as 7-MA and 14-MA, respectively. H. pylori eradication was confirmed using the 13C-urea breath test, rapid urease test or histology. RESULTS: The eradication rates by 7-BMT, 14-BMT, 7-MA, and 14-MA were 66.4% (290/437), 71.1% (113/159), 53.1% (51/96), and 73.5% (189/257), respectively, by intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) and 76.5% (284/371), 83.8% (109/130), 55.6% (50/90), and 80.6% (187/232), respectively, by per-protocol analysis (PP). The eradication rates were higher in 14-BMT than 7-BMT by the ITT and PP analyses (p=0.277 and p=0.082, respectively). The 14-BMT and 14-MA treatments showed similar efficacies by ITT and PP (p=0.583 and p=0.443, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The 7-BMT, 14-BMT, and 14-MA treatments showed similar and suboptimal efficacies. In both regimens, extending the duration of treatment may be reasonable considering the high level of antibiotic resistance in Korea.

Laminados cerâmicos para resolução estética de dentes manchados por tetraciclina / Ceramic laminates for aesthetic resolution of tetracycline spotted teeth

O escurecimento dental de origem medicamentosa pela ingestão da tetraciclina repercute negativamente na aparência do sorriso. A tetraciclina quando utilizada no período em que os dentes estão sendo formados pode induzir a formação de manchas de coloração amarelada ou marrom-acinzentada na estrutura dentária. Seu uso quando os dentes já estão formados ou erupcionados na cavidade bucal não provoca alterações perceptíveis nos elementos dentários. Os tratamentos indicados para essa ocorrência contemplam a microabrasão, clareamento e laminados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar os cuidados para o planejamento estético em casos de manchamentos dentários por tetraciclina, e a descrição clínica para execução de laminados cerâmicos confeccionados em IPS E-max (Ivoclar - Vivadent). A harmonia e estética obtidas na conclusão do caso traduzem a saúde e conforto devolvidos ao paciente para o tratamento proposto

The darkening of teeth caused by tetracycline ingestion affects the appearance of the smile in an undesirable way. When used during teeth formation period tetracycline can induce the appearance of yellow or grayish-brown stains in the dental structure. Its use does not cause noticeable changes in the teeth when the teeth are already formed or erupted in the oral cavity. In these cases recommended treatments includes micro abrasion, tooth whitening and ceramic veneers. This paper aimed at presenting aspects that must be observed on aesthetic planning on cases of dental staining caused by tetracycline, as well as describe clinical steps for the execution of ceramic laminates produced using IPS E-max (Ivoclar -Vivadent). Harmony and aesthetics results obtained after the treatment are reflected on the restoration of patient’s health and comfort

Histomorphometric changes in the testes and epididymis of wistar strain albino rats following fourteen days oral administration of therapeutic doses of some antibiotics / Cambios histomorfométricos en los testículos y el epidídimo de ratas cepa wistar albinas después de catorce días de administración oral de dosis terapéuticas de algunos antiobióticos

Studies on testes and epididymis tissue of rats treated orally for fourteen days with therapeutic doses of cloxacillin (6mg/100g/day), ampicillin (4mg/100/day) and tetracycline (12mg/100g/day) separately showed a significant reduction in testicular and epididimis architecture. Microscopic studies of these male reproductive organs further revealed a significant alteration in the epididymis as revealed by a significant reduction (p<0.05) in epididymal ductular diameter (EDD), and epididymal epithelial height (EEH) in treated group of animals. A significant increase (p<0.05) was however recorded in epididymal luminal diameter (ELD) in all the animals after the two and three week's recovery period allowed. This gives another insight into the toxicity activities of these antibiotics on male reproductive organs, apart from reduction in serum testosterone level, decreased sperm motility, decreased spermatozoa count and decrease in RNA and DNA content of spermatogenic cells as earlier reported.

Estudios referentes a testículos y tejido epididimario en ratas tratadas por vía oral durante catorce días, con dosis terapéuticas de cloxacilina (6mg/100g/día), ampicilina (4mg/100/día) y tetraciclina (12mg/100g/día) por separado muestran una reducción significativa en el peso testicular y epidídimario. Los estudios microscópicos de los órganos reproductores masculinos revelan además una alteración significativa en el epidídimo como se observa en la reducción del diámetro (p<0,05) de los conductos del epidídimo (EDD), y la altura del epitelio epididimal (EEH) en el grupo de los animales tratados. Sin embargo, se registró un aumento significativo (p <0,05) en el diámetro luminal del epidídimo (ELD) en todos los animales después de dos y tres semanas del período de recuperación. Esto genera otro punto de vista en relación a la toxicidad de estos antibióticos en los órganos reproductivos masculinos, además de la reducción de la concentración sérica de testosterona, disminución de la motilidad del esperma, disminución del recuento de espermatozoides y disminución en el contenido de ARN y ADN en las células de espermatogénesis como se reportó anteriormente.

Associação de tetraciclina à membrana de osso cortical bovino desmineralizado aumenta atividade de enzimas lisossomais / Association of tetracycline and membrane of demineralized bovine cortical bone increase lysosomal enzyme activity

A regeneração tecidual e óssea guiadas utilizando membranas (M) à base de colágeno é usual. A tetraciclina é utilizada algumas vezes para auxiliar a regeneração tecidual na forma tópica ou associada às barreiras absorvíveis, contudo acelerando a degradação da membrana. Enzimas lisossomais estão envolvidas na resposta celular a biomateriais. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito da associação da tetraciclina à membrana derivada do osso cortical bovino desmineralizado (MT) na atividade de enzimas lisossomais. As membranas (M e MT) foram implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de ratos (n = 120) e 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 e 60 dias após a cirurgia os animais foram mortos e os respectivos tecidos reacionais coletados para análise bioquímica. O lisado do tecido foi obtido em tampão acetato 0,1 M, pH 5, contendo EDTA e β-mercaptoetanol 1 mM para a determinação da atividade das isoformas da fosfatase ácida, fosfatase alcalina de membrana e arilsultase e β-hexosamidase. No grupo MT observou-se maior atividade das enzimas lisossomais nos períodos de 1, 3 e 7 dias (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a associação de tetraciclina à membrana aumenta a atividade específica das enzimas analisadas, concorrendo para a aceleração da degradação da membrana + tetraciclina.

Guided bone and tissue regeneration using collagen-derived membranes (M) is a common practice. Topical application of tetracycline or its association to membranes intends to complement guided tissue regeneration, however, accelerated degradation was observed. Lysosomal enzymes are involved in the cell response to biomaterials. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of tetracycline association to the membrane (MT) obtained from demineralized bovine cortical bone to lysosomal enzymes. Membranes (M and MT) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats (n=120) 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days after implantation the animals were killed and the granuloma removed for enzymatic analysis. Tissue lyses was obtained using 0.1M acetate buffer, pH 5.0, plus 1 mM of EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol for determination of acid phosphatase isoforms, cell membrane alkaline phosphatase, arilsulfatase and β-hexosaminadase activities. MT group showed higher lysosomal activity at 1, 3 and 7 days (p<0.05) than M group. Based on the results it could be concluded that the treatment of membranes with tetracycline significantly altered the specific activity of the enzymes, increasing MT degradation in the tissue.

Effect of absorbent tetracycline-loaded membrane used in the reduction of periodontal pockets: an in vivo study

This clinical study evaluated the influence of scaling and root planning (SRP), with and without the use of tetracycline-loaded bovine absorbent membrane, in the reduction of periodontal pockets according to 3 parameters: probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI). Twenty-four patients were selected totalizing 144 random teeth divided in 2 groups (n=72 teeth) - control (SRP) and experimental (SRP with tetracycline-loaded absorbent membrane). PPD, BOP and PI were determined before and 28 days after the treatment. In all patients, the PPD values at the end of the treatment were always lower than the baseline values. There was a reduction of the PI for both treatments, but it was more evident on the experimental group. In conclusion, the use of tetracycline-loaded absorbent membrane could result in a better prognosis compared to scaling and root planning after only 28 days of evaluation.

Este estudo clínico avaliou a influência da raspagem e alisamento radicular, com e sem a utilização de membrana absorvível de liberação de tetraciclina na redução de bolsa periodontal utilizando 3 parâmetros: sondagem da profundidade de bolsa, sangramento à sondagem e índice de placa. Vinte e quatro pacientes foram selecionados totalizando 144 dentes aleatoriamente divididos em 2 grupos (n=72 dentes) - controle (raspagem e alisamento radicular) e experimental (raspagem e alisamento radicular e utilização de membrana absorvível de liberação de tetraciclina). Antes da execução do tratamento foram determimados profundidade de bolsa, sangramento à sondagem e índice de placa. Os pacientes foram avaliados usando os mesmos parâmetros após 28 dias. Os valores da sondagem da profundidade de bolsa foram sempre menores no final do tratamento quando comparado ao início. Houve redução no índice de placa para as 2 formas de tratamento, apesar de ter sido mais evidente no grupo experimental. Concluiu-se que o uso da membrana absorvível de liberação de tetraciclina pode resultar em melhor prognóstico quando comparado apenas com a raspagem e alisamento radicular, após 28 dias de análise.

Autologous blood pleurodesis: a good choice in patients with persistent air leak

The study compares the efficiency, side effects and complications of autologous blood pleurodesis with talcum powder and tetracycline. This prospective study evaluated 50 patients with persistent air leak resulting from primary and secssondary spontaneous pneumothorax between February 2004 and March 2009. The patients inclussded 32 [64.0%] males and 18 [36.0%] females with a median age of 39 years [range 14-69 years]. All cases had persistent air leak of more than seven days. Pleurodesis was performed using autologous blood in 20 [40.0%] patients, talc powder in 19 [38.0%] patients and tetracycline in 11 [22.0%] patients through a chest tube. Air leak cessation times after pleurodesis, side effects and pulmonary function tests [PFT] in the first and third months were measured. Recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax was the cause of persistent air leak in all cases. Air leaks were expiratory only in 54.0% of cases. We obtained a success rate of 75.0% using autologous blood, 84.2% using talc powder and 63.6% using tetracycline. Mean air leak termination interval was significantly [P < 0.001] shorter in patients treated with autologous blood in comparison to talc powder and tetracycline. We observed a significant [P < 0.05] decline in PFT in patients treated with talc powder compared with tetracycline and autologous blood. Vital capacity, FVC and FEV1 were significantly lower in patients treated with tetracycline compared with autologous blood. This study shows that autologous blood pleurodesis compared to talc powder and tetracycline is related with shorter leak cessation time and less pulmonary function decline in patients with persistent air leak. We think further randomized clinical trials of pleurodesis as treatment could increase its use in thorax surgery by demonstrating the safety and the efficacy of this procedure

potential effect of liposome encapsulated tetracycline topical application for the management of experimental dry eye model in albino rabbits

The aim of this work is to study the effect of liposome-bound tetracycline eye drops on a rabbit's dry eye model. Twenty four healthy adult male New Zealand albino rabbits were equally divided into control groups and dry eye induced groups. Dryness was induced in 24 eyes of 12 rabbits by instilling atropine sulphate eye drops 1% t.d.s for one week, then animals were subdivided into four groups; group 1 [rabbits with dry eye model, groups 2,3 and 4 [rabbits with dry eye model treated three times daily [t.d.s.] for 7 days starting on 7 [th] day of dryness induction with either tetracycline, liposome, oreombined tetracycline and liposome [topically] respectively]. Schirmer test and tear break up time [TBUT] were assessed on days 0,2,4,7,9,11 and 14. Animals were sacrificed at the 14[th] day and histopathological examination of the corneas and conjunctivae was done. TBUT and Schirmer test values were significantly improved in groups 2,3,4 as compared to group 1. The histopathological examination showed protection of corneas and conjunctivae in groups 2,3 and 4 against the dryness effect that continued to affect the cornea and conjunctival epithelium in group 1. There was a significant improvement in animals treated with liposome bound tetracycline eye drops [group 4] as compared to tetracycline alone [group 2] and liposome alone [group 3]. In conclusion, the use of liposome bound tetracycline was found beneficial to improve the dry eye induced inflammatory reaction

Pharmacokinetics of tetracycline hydrochloride after single intravenous injection in dogs

Six mixed-breed apparently healthy dogs were intravenously administered a single dose of tetracycline hydrochloride [50 mg/kg] to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug. Blood samples were collected before and at various time intervals after the administration of the drug. Serum tetracycline concentrations were determined over a 24 h period using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Non-compartmental analysis of the data indicated that tetracycline has a half-life of 4.4 h, a body clearance of around 0.7 ml/kg. min and a volume of distribution of about 0.3 L/kg. The pharmacokinetics of tetracycline found in this study is favourable for therapeutic use in the dog

Sclerotherapy of idiopathic hydroceles and epididymal cysts: a historical comparison trial of 5% phenol versus tetracycline

Operating time for idiopathic hydroceles and epididymal cysts is scarce as these conditions compete with an increasing caseload of more consequential surgical disease. Therapy is often relegated to repeated aspiration. Sclerotherapy appears to be effective in a majority of published trials, but comparative effectiveness, efficacy and safety of most agents, including phenol versus tetracycline, has not been established A deliberate strategy of re-treatment until cure is not universally practised, with surgery still being offered after single-treatment failures. Two trials, the first consisting of 53 scrotal cysts treated with 5% phenol-in-water and the second, 42 cysts treated with tetracycline, are compared for effectiveness, efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy per se and of re-treatment. Intention-to-treat analysis yields similar cure rates (no re-accumulation three months after last injection) for phenol and tetracycline (83% and 81% respectively, p = 0.8). Per-protocol analysis also yields similar cure rates (100% and 97% respectively, p = 0.26) and mean number of injections to cure (1.34 and 1.12 respectively, p = 0.069), with range 1-4 and 1-3 respectively. Severe pain following tetracycline injection required administration of pre-injection cord block. Other complications occurred equally (25% and 25.7% respectively, p = 0.94) and were trivial except for one case of chronic haematocele treated by orchiectomy in the tetracycline group. Phenol (5%) and tetracycline are equally efficacious sclerosants for idiopathic scrotal cysts, achieving almost 100% cure with re-treatment and matching the efficacy of surgery. Concern about post-treatment fertility applies equally to surgery and demands informed consent for both modalities.

El tiempo de operación para los hidroceles y los quistes epididimales es escaso, ya que estas condiciones triviales compiten con una creciente carga de casos de enfermedades quirúrgicas de mayores consecuencias. La terapia es a menudo relegada a una aspiración repetida. La escleroterapiaparece ser efectiva en la mayoría de los ensayos publicados, pero no se han establecido la seguridad, eficacia y efectividad comparativa de la mayor parte de los agentes, incluyendo el fenol, frente a la tetraciclina. No se practica universalmente una estrategia deliberada de re-tratamiento hasta la cura, ofreciéndose todavía la cirugía, luego de fracasos con tratamientos individuales. Dos ensayos, el primero consistente en 53 quistes escrotales tratados con fenol acuoso al 5%, y el segundo, en 42 quistes tratados con tetraciclina, se comparan en cuanto a efectividad, eficacia y seguridad para laescleroterapia per se y para el re-tratamiento. El análisis de intención de tratamiento produce tasas de curación similares (no hay re-acumulación 3 meses después de la última inyección) para el fenol y la tetraciclina (83% y 81% respectivamente, p = 0.8). El análisis por protocolo también produce tasas de curación similares (100% y 97% respectivamente, p = 0.26) y el número medio de inyecciones paracurar (1.34 y 1.12 respectivamente, p = 0.069), con rangos de 1–4 y 1–3 respectivamente. El dolor severo tras la inyección de tetraciclina requirió hacer un bloqueo espinal de pre-inyec-ción. Asimismo ocurrieron otras complicaciones (25% y 25.7% respectivamente, p = 0.94) y fueron triviales, con excepción de un caso de hematoceles crónicos tratado mediante orquiectomía en el grupo de tetraciclina. El fenol (5%) y la tetraciclina poseen igual eficacia como esclerosantes de los quistes escrotales idiopáticos, ya que logran una curación de casi 100% con el re-tratamiento, e igualan la eficacia de la cirugía...

Poor efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori eradication rates have tended to decrease recently possibly related with increasing antibiotic resistance. The present study investigated the efficacy of three different ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) based triple regimens in a population with high prevalence of H. pylori. METHODS: 300 consecutive H. pylori positive patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia were randomized into three regimens: (1) RBC 400 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and tetracycline 500 mg [RBC-AT], (2) RBC 400 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg [RBC-AC], (3) RBC 400 mg, metronidazole 500 mg and tetracycline 500 mg [RBC-MT]. Tetracycline was given q.i.d, all other drugs were given b.i.d. for 14 days. Gastroscopy and (14)C-Urea breath test (UBT) were performed before enrollment and UBT only was repeated 6 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: 274 patients completed the protocols. The overall 'intention to treat' and 'per protocol' H. pylori eradication rates in all subjects were 57.6% (95% CI: 52-63) and 63.1% (95% CI: 57-68), respectively. The eradication rates achieved in the groups (RBC-AT, RBC-AC and RBC-MT) were 64.4% (95% CI: 54-74), 66.2% (95% CI: 56-76), and 58.9% (95% CI: 49-68) on 'per protocol' analyses, respectively. There was no difference in eradication rates, compliance and major side effects between the groups. CONCLUSION: The current RBC-based H. pylori eradication therapy is not adequately effective.

Uso indiscriminado de tetraciclinas en afecciones bucales de origen odontógenas / Overuse of tetracycline in oral diseases of odontogenous origin

El uso de los antibióticos en la terapéutica de las enfermedades infecciosas constituyó un avance en la historia de la humanidad. Sin embargo, en la actualidad existe un uso indiscriminado de estos, que trae consigo la resistencia bacteriana y por ende, la no efectividad del mismo. Se realizó un estudio en 40 pacientes que ingerían la tetraciclina debido a afecciones bucales de origen odontógeno, con el objetivo de conocer cuáles eran las enfermedades bucales donde esta se utilizaba indiscriminadamente, así como los mecanismos (automedicación o prescripción). Se obtuvieron comos resultados que las odontalgias por alteraciones pulpares y los abscesos dentoalveolares agudos son las patologías bucales donde se usa irracionalmente la tetraciclina, tanto en el fenómeno de automedicación como en la prescripción por parte de facultativos. La automedicación fue la vía dónde se evidenció mayor uso de la tetraciclina con el 67,5 por ciento, y se observaron varios factores que condicionan este comportamiento. Existió un elevado porcentaje de no efectividad de este ante afecciones bucales debido al uso indiscriminado, ya sea por no ser el antibiótico de elección ante la patología o por ser ingerido innecesariamente(AU)

The use of antibiotics in treating infectious diseases was a breakthrough in the history of mankind. However, there is at present an excessive use of these drugs that leads to antimicrobial resistance and ineffectiveness. Forty patients, who took tetracycline for oral diseases of odontogenous origin, were studied to find out the oral diseases where this drug was overused as well as the intake mechanisms (self-medication or prescription). The achieved results showed that odontalgias from pulpar disturbances and acute dentoalveolary abscesses are the oral pathologies where tetracycline is irrationally overused through self-medication and prescription by physicians. Self-medication was the most frequent way of administering tetracycline with 67,5 per cent of cases in which several factors conditioning this behaviour were noted. There was a high percentrage of ineffectiveness in the use of tetracycline for oral disturbances because either it was not the antibiotic of choice for a certain pathology or it was taken unnecessarily(AU)

[ effects of hydrogen peroxide solution and tetracycline ointment in healing of traumatic facial wounds: a comparative study]

Wound repair after a surgical operation or traumatic injuries is a coordinated process, which is highly dependent to the pre- and post-operative or traumatic care. There is no consensus on the best wound care method and application of topical therapeutic agents including diluted oxygen peroxide solution and antibiotics. This study is aimed to compare the healing effects of oxygen peroxide and tetracycline ointment in management of traumatic facial injuries. 76 patients divided into two groups were entered into this randomized clinical trial. All patients sustained facial injuries requiring primary repair. The first group received 2% topical oxygen peroxide solution for 5 days, and the second group received sterile 1% tetracycline topical ointment for 5days. At the end of the fourth day, wound healing status was assessed with a chart designed for this purpose. No statistically significant difference was observed between the tetracycline and hydrogen peroxide groups in regards to the distance of wound margins, erythema and dehiscence. According to our results, there is no difference in the effects of hydrogen peroxide solution or tetracycline ointment on the healing of traumatic facial wounds

14-day quadruple therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate after Helicobacter pylori treatment failure in Thailand.

BACKGROUND: A quadruple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline is recommended as a second line therapy after Helicobacter pylori treatment failure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of 14-day ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) base quadruple therapy after H. pylori treatment failure in Thai patients. METHOD AND MATERIAL: Between June 2003-May 2005, thirty-four patients who were H. pylori positive after first line (Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin or Metronidazole) treatment failure received 14-day quadruple therapy with RBC (400 mg bid), Rabeprazole (20 mg bid), Metronidazole (500 mg tid) and Tetracycline (500 mg qid). Four weeks after completion of treatment, eradication was confirmed with 14C-urea breath test. RESULTS: There were 18 males (52.9%) and 16 females (47.1%) with a mean age of 47.3 +/- 14.6 years. Four patients dropped out due to side effects. Per-protocol eradication rate was 86.7% and the intention-to-treat eradication rate was 76.5%. Adverse effects were found in 38.2% with a bitter taste, nausea, and dizziness. The mean age in the treatment failure group was younger than that in the successful group (35.3 +/- 13.9 vs 51.1 +/- 13.9 years, p = 0.046, 95%CI, 0.3-31.5%). The abdominal symptoms were improved after eradication (82.4%). CONCLUSION: The 14-day quadruple therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate is effective and well tolerated for the patients who failed with the Helicobacterpylori treatment. The patients with older age may receive a more favorable outcome of the treatment.

Uso local da tetraciclina HCI na Periodontia / Topicai application of HCi in periodontics

A doença periodontal é induzida principalmente por bactérias, sendo usualmente tratada pela terapia mecânica. Entretanto existem limitações com relação ao controle desses microrganismos o que toma viável o uso adjunto de antimicrobianos locais. A tetracic1ina HCI, um dos agentes antimicrobianos mais utilizados, tem demonstrado eficiência no manejo do paciente periodontal em várias modalidades de tratamento associado à raspagem. O uso local da tetracic1ina HCI, parece ser um bom coadjuvante no tratamento periodontal. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de revisar a literatura quanto à utilização da tetracic1ina HCI como agente antibiótico local na terapia periodontal.

Avaliação da toxicidade da pasta de antibiótico (cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, óxido de zinco e eugenol) em cães submetidos à pulpotomia através da análise de parâmentros hematológicos e bioquímicos do sangue e histológico dos dentes / Evaluation of the toxicity of antibiotic paste (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, zinc oxide and eugenol) in dogs submitted to pulpotomy through the analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and histological parameters of teeth

O objetivo deste estudo experimental foi avaliar os parâmetros hematológico, bioquímico do sangue e histológico dos dentes de 13 cães machos e fêmeas, adultos, com peso variando de 11 a 20 kg, submetidos a pulpotomias ultilizando-se a pasta de antibiótico (cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, óxido de zinco e eugenol) como obturador da câmara coronária. Foram selecionados 5 e 10 dentes hígidos de cada cão com boas condições gengivais nos quais foram realizados pulpotomias com isolamento absoluto e sob anestesia geral...

Evaluación de la autoinmunidad en ratones BALB/c inmunizados con una biblioteca genómica de expresión de Trypanosoma cruzi / Evaluation of autoimmunuty in Balb/c mice immunized with a genomic library of expression of Trypanosoma cruzi

Uno de los problemas de la seguridad para las vacunas de ADN es la inducción de fenómenos de autoinmunidad. Nosotros examinamos el efecto de la inmunización con ácidos nucleicos de Trypanosoma cruzi en la inducción de diferentes autoanticuerpos en ratones de Balb/c. Los animales fueron divididos en cinco grupos: los primeros cuatro recibieron diferentes esquemas: 25 µg de la biblioteca genómica de expresión (grupo L), 25 µg de antígenos solubles de T. cruzi (grupo T), 25 µg del plásmido pcDNA3 (grupo P), 25 µg de genómica ADN de T. cruzi (grupo G) y un grupo control de animales no inmunizados. Los anticuerpos antinucleares y anticuerpos contra músculo cardíaco fueron evaluados por immunofluorescencia indirecta y los anticuerpos anti ADN de doble, simple cadena y el anti IgG factor reumatoideo fueron determinados semanalmente por ELISA. La vacunación no provocó la inducción de anticuerpos anti ADN de doble o simple cadena, anticuerpos antinucleares ni contra músculo cardíaco. Se observó un aumento transitorio del Factor Reumatoideo IgG en los ratones inmunizados con la biblioteca genómica de expresión de T. cruzi. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la inducción de respuestas autoinmunes frente al ADN utilizado en la inmunización es poco probable

The Trend of Eradication Rates of Second-Line Quadruple Therapy Containing Metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori Infection: An Analysis of Recent Eight Years / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Failure rates of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment turned out to be exceeding 10%, causing recurrence of peptic ulcers. In the case of eradication failure, the Korean College of Helicobacter Research and Practice recommends quadruple therapy consisting of proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole. Many reports regarding the eradication rates of quadruple therapy have been reported. However, most were limited by short follow-up periods. Hence, we evaluated the efficacy of the metronidazole containing quadruple therapy as a second line treatment from April, 1996 through July, 2004. METHODS: Sixty-three patients were enrolled. Treatment consisted of aforementioned quadruple therapy for 1 week. Four to six weeks after completion of treatment, biopsies and CLO tests were performed to detect the presence of H. pylori. The patients were then followed-up with upper endoscopy once every year. RESULTS: The efficacy of the quadruple therapy was 74.6% in intention-to-treat analysis and 83.9% in per protocol analysis. Eradication rates of the years 1996, 1999-2000, 2001, and 2002-2004 were 75.0%, 93.8%, 100%, and 72.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data can not reveal the evidence of decreasing trend for eradication rate quadruple therapy of H. pylori in 8 years. However, eradication rate of 72.7% in recent 2 years necessitates the development of more efficient eradication regimen.